KINGDOM PROTISTA

Kingdom Protista
          - artificial grouping of organisms coming from different evolutionary lineages

*Animal-like Protists
          - protozoans
          - heterotrophs
          - unicellular
          - no cell wall
          - aquatic: free-living
                           parasitic
          - motile: flagella
                         pseudopodia
                         cilia
Zooflagellates
          - flagella
          - fast swimmers
          - reproduce by binary fission
          - mostly free-living
     *Triconympha
          - lives in symbiosis with termites
          - helps termites breakdown cellulose
          - host to two parasitic prokaryotes (bacteria)
     *Trypanosomes
          - Trypanosoma gambiense
          - Trypanosoma rhodesiense
               - african sleeping sickness
               - flea or tsetse fly
Sarcodines
          - with pseudopodia
          - Amoeba proteus
               - looks like a shapeless mass of cytoplasm
               - creates a fingerlike projections called pseudopodia
               - uses diffusion as a way of exchanging gases to and out of the cell
               - osmosis - water
          - Entamoeba histolytica
               - causes amoebiasis
Foramineferans
          - live in marine waters
Actinopoda
          - radiolarians and heliozoans
     *Heliozoans
          - floaters
          - freshwaters
          - free-living
          - bottom-dwellers
     *Radiolarians
          - ocean drifters
          - part of planktons
          - filter feeder or predator
Ciliates
          - cilia
     *Paramecium
          - Paramecium and stentor
               - colonial
          - Epistylis
               - parasitic
               - Balantidium coli
               - diarrhea
Apicomplexans
          - immobile (lacks structures for motility)
          - sporozoans
          - parasitic
               - Plasmodium
                    - malaria
                    - mosquito bites
                    - Anopheles

*Fungus-like Protist
          - heterotrophs
          - decompose dead organic matter
          - body is composed of filaments
          - reproduce through spores
          - produce flagellated cells (difference with the true fungus)
          - cells contains centrioles
    
     GROUPS
Plasmodial Slime Molds
          - colorful
          - creeping on moist forest soil and dead leaves
          - move by pseudopodia
          - feed on microbes
          - has plasmodium
                - motile, large, brnaching structure
          - not multicellular
Water Molds
          - oomycetes
          - "egg-fungus"
          - with long, filamentous bodies
          - with several nuclei
          - cell wall is composed of cellulose
          - produce sporangia that release zoospores
          - aquatic saprophytes
          - seen on dead insects, salmon, immobile eggs
               - Saprolegnia
                    - grows as a fluffy white mass on the body of decaying fish
                    - body is thin and branched
                    - produces asexually
Down Mildews
          - aggresive plant pathogens
               - Phytophthora infestans
                    - potato late blight
                    - causes softening and rotting of plant parts

*Plant-like Protists
         - algae
         - have chloroplasts
         - autotrophs
         - single, colonial, or multicellular

Euglenoids
        - single-celled
        - not exclusive autotrophs
             - Euglena
                  - freshwater
                  - no cell wall
                  - with long flagellum
                  - its eyespot directs the cell towards sunlight
Dinoflagellates
          - with distinctive spinning movement
          -part of phytoplankton
          - reproduce by binary fission
          - population explosion - algal blooms
               - red tide
               - brown tide
     *Bioluminescence
               - ability to produce light
Diatoms
          - single celled or colonial
          - most abundant organism in phytoplankton
          - yellow or brown due to the pigments in its chloroplasts
          - float because of oil (produces during photosynthesis)
          - cell is made up of silica
          - diatomaceous earth
Seaweeds
          - multicellular
          - no cuticle
          - no true roots, stem and leaves
Brown Algae
          - kelps (largest seaweeds)
          - source of algin
Red Algae
          - mostly multicellular
          - mostly marine
          - no more than 1m
          - builder of coral reefs
          - source of agar and carrageenan
Green Algae
          - most similar to plants
          - with chlorophyll and starch